Elizabeth Arden, Cosmetics and Beauty Executive

Elizabeth Arden (born Florence Nightingale Graham; December 31, 1884–October 18, 1966) was the  founder, owner, and operator of Elizabeth Arden, Inc., a cosmetics and beauty corporation.  She  used modern mass marketing techniques to bring her cosmetic products to the public and also opened and operated a chain of beauty salons and beauty spas. Her cosmetics and beauty products brand continues today.   Fast Facts: Elizabeth Arden Known For:  Cosmetic business executiveAlso Known As:  Florence Nightingale GrahamBorn:  December 31, 1884 in Woodbridge,  Ontario, CanadaParents: William and Susan GrahamDied:  October 18, 1966 in New York CityEducation: Nursing schoolAwards and Honors:  Là ©gion dHonneurSpouses: Thomas Jenkins Lewis, Prince Michael EvlanoffNotable Quote: To be beautiful and natural is the birthright of every woman.   Early Life Elizabeth Arden was born  as  the fifth of five children in the outskirts of Toronto,  Ontario. Her father was a Scottish grocer and her mother was English and died when Arden was just 6 years old. Her birth name was Florence Nightingale Graham—named, as many of her age were, for Britains famous nursing pioneer.  The family was poor, and she often worked odd jobs to add to family income.  She began training as a nurse but abandoned that path. She then worked briefly as a secretary. Living in New York In 1908 at the age of 24 she moved to New York, where her brother had already moved. She went to work first as a helper to a beautician and then, in 1910, she opened a beauty salon on Fifth Avenue with a partner, Elizabeth Hubbard. In 1914 when her partnership broke up, she opened a Red Door beauty salon of her own and changed her name to Elizabeth Arden, expanding her business under that name. (The name was adapted from Elizabeth Hubbard, her first partner, and Enoch Arden, the title of a Tennyson poem.) Her Business Expands Arden began to formulate, manufacture, and sell her own cosmetic products. She was a pioneer in the marketing of beauty products, since makeup had been associated with prostitutes and lower class women until this era. Her marketing brought makeup to respectable women. She went to France in 1914 to learn beauty practices where cosmetics were already widely adopted and in 1922, she opened her first salon in France, thus moving into the European market. She later opened salons across Europe and in  South America  and Australia. Marriage Elizabeth Arden married in 1918. Her husband Thomas Jenkins Lewis was an American banker, and through him she gained American citizenship. Lewis served as her business manager until their divorce in 1935. She never permitted her husband to own stock in her enterprise, and so after the divorce, he went to work for the rival firm owned by Helena Rubinstein. Spas In 1934, Elizabeth Arden converted her summer home in Maine into the Maine Chance Beauty Spa, and then expanded her line of luxury spas nationally and internationally.  These were the first destination spas of their kind. Politics and World War II Arden was a dedicated suffragette, marching for womens rights in 1912. She supplied the marchers with red lipstick as a sign of solidarity. During World War II, Ardens company came out with a bold red lipstick color to coordinate with womens military uniforms. Elizabeth Arden was a staunch conservative and supporter of the Republican Party. In 1941, the FBI investigated allegations that Elizabeth Arden salons in Europe were being opened as cover for Nazi operations. Later Life In 1942 Elizabeth Arden married again, this time to the Russian Prince Michael Evlonoff, but this marriage lasted only until 1944.  She did not remarry and had no children. In 1943, Arden expanded her business into fashion, partnering with famous designers. Elizabeth Ardens business eventually included more than 100 salons across the world. Her company manufactured more than 300 cosmetic products. Elizabeth Arden products sold for a premium price as she maintained an image of exclusivity and quality. Arden was a prominent racehorse owner, a male-dominated field, and her thoroughbred won the 1947 Kentucky Derby. Death Elizabeth Arden died on October 18, 1966, in New York. She was buried in a cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York, as Elizabeth N. Graham.  She had kept her age a secret for many years, but on death, it was revealed to be 88. Legacy In her salons and through her marketing campaigns, Elizabeth Arden stressed instructing women on how to apply makeup. She pioneered such concepts as a scientific formulation of cosmetics, beauty makeovers, travel-size cosmetics, and coordinating colors of eye, lip, and facial makeup. Elizabeth Arden was largely responsible for making cosmetics appropriate—even necessary—for middle- and upper-class women. Women known to use her cosmetics included Queen Elizabeth II, Marilyn Monroe, and Jacqueline Kennedy. The French government honored Arden with the  Là ©gion dHonneur  in 1962. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Elizabeth Arden.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc.Peiss, Kathy  Hope in a Jar: The Making of Americas Beauty Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.Woodhead, Lindy. War Paint: Madame Helena Rubinstein and Miss Elizabeth Arden: Their Lives, Their Times, Their Rivalry. Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2003.

Essay about Jay Gatsby and the American Dream - 882 Words

Men and women all around the world work countless hours of their lives to fulfill their dreams. In America, many people strive to make the money necessary for them to be able to buy, what they believe, will truly make them happy. In the majority of cases, this is known as the American Dream. In â€Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby is a man that comes up from nothing and becomes involved in criminal activity to live out his version of the American Dream. Gatsby’s case is similar to Charlie Wales from â€Å"Babylon Revisited†, in that he discovers that there is more to the dream then the money and the dream is not always going to live up to the expectations he has for his life. The American Dream is an ideal, a thing that is†¦show more content†¦Gatsby fulfilled the dream in that he gained his wealth in an overwhelming amount. The narrator in â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Nick Callaway, described Gatsby’s home when he said, à ¢â‚¬Å"The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard—it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden,† (9). In a trip inside the enormous closet in Gatsby’s house, Nick states, â€Å"He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them one by one before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray†¦.shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple green and lavender and faint orange with the monograms of Indian Blue,† (97-98). The vast wealth of Gatsby was definite and he had also convinced himself that he found his true love, Daisy Buchannan, who was married to another man. Nick mentions, at a time when Daisy and Gatsby were together, â€Å"†¦she got up and went over to Ga tsby, and pulled his face down kissing him on the mouth. ‘You know I love you,’ she murmured,† (123). At this time, Gatsby thought he had it all, but this is actually when things began on a downward fall. Gatsby was not alone in assuming that having a version ofShow MoreRelatedJay Gatsby and the American Dream563 Words   |  2 PagesJay Gatsby and the American Dream The Great Gatsby is a very famous novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald that goes back to the 1920’s. The book is narrated by a man who actually witnessed the events and took part in these events, and his name is Nick Carraway. Through his narration, we learn about a man whose real man is James Gatz, but he goes by the name Jay Gatsby. He continuously calls people â€Å"old sport.† (Fitzgerald, 161) He lives in a mansion on West Egg near where Nick lives. 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The Success Of Andrew Lloyd Webber Essay Example For Students

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